Congress of vienna italy 18308/31/2023 ![]() ![]() The frontiers of 1790 were restored and an army of occupation was installed only until France had paid an indemnity of 700 million francs to the allies – a condition met by 1818. Yet in the treaties of Paris of 18, France was generously treated. The Kingdom of Piedmont was strengthened Belgium (previously the Austrian Netherlands) was joined with Holland in the kingdom of the Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire (consolidated by Napoleon into the Confederation of the Rhine) became the German Confederation – 39 states joined in a weak Bund and dominated by an Austrian president. Three buffer states were created to hinder her expansion eastwards (Fig 1). From this time until the Crimean War (1854–1856), fear of Russia was a dominant theme in European diplomacy.Īt the Congress of Vienna, however, the immediate fear was that France might cause another European war. In fact Russia took the major share and established a dangerous foothold in Europe. It was hoped to prevent any one power from gaining more than its fair share of rewards, and to establish a balance of territorial interests. Their fear of revolution and desire to restore the political situation of the 18th century meant that France was left intact. ![]() Five monarchs and the heads of 216 Princely families arrived in Vienna for the peace negotiations and the festivities. The monarchs of Europe danced to celebrate the restoration of their political power and the promise of armed backing by all powers. ![]() In 1815 Napoleon was safely on St Helena and the waltz took fashionable society by storm. From the start the Congress was dominated by four great powers, Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia, although Prince Talleyrand (1754–1838) soon skillfully gained an equal voice for France. Intended to ratify decisions made at the first Treaty of Paris, the Congress was announced and from September 1814 delegates from throughout Europe arrived in Vienna. Even before Napoleon Bonaparte's first defeat, in 1814, the idea of an international diplomatic assembly to restore order in Europe was proposed by Prince Metternich of Austria (1773–1859). ![]()
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